Sheets with MariaDB and MySQL

MariaDB is an open source object-relational database system compatible with MySQL.

SheetJS is a JavaScript library for reading and writing data from spreadsheets.

This demo uses SheetJS to exchange data between spreadsheets and MariaDB databases. We'll explore how to save tables from a database to spreadsheets and how to add data from spreadsheets into a database.

It is strongly recommended to use MariaDB with a query builder or ORM.

While it is possible to generate SQL statements directly, there are many subtle details and pitfalls. Battle-tested solutions generally provide mitigations against SQL injection and other vulnerabilities.

Tested Deployments

This demo was tested in the following environments:

MariaDB	Connector Library	Date
11.3.2	mysql2 (3.9.7)	2024-05-04

Integration Details

The SheetJS NodeJS module can be loaded in NodeJS scripts that connect to MariaDB and MySQL databases.

This demo uses the mysql2 connector module¹, but the same mechanics apply to other MariaDB and MySQL libraries.

Exporting Data

Connection#execute returns a Promise that resolves to a result array. The first entry of the result is an array of objects.

The SheetJS json_to_sheet method² can generate a worksheet object³ from the array of objects:

const mysql = require("mysql2/promise"), XLSX = require("xlsx");
const conn = await mysql.createConnection({
  database: "SheetJSMariaDB",
  /* ... other options ... */
});

const table_name = "Tabeller1"; // name of table

/* fetch all data from specified table */
const [rows, fields] = await conn.execute(`SELECT * FROM ${mysql.escapeId(table_name)}`);

/* generate a SheetJS worksheet object from the data */
const worksheet = XLSX.utils.json_to_sheet(rows);

A workbook object can be built from the worksheet using utility functions⁴. The workbook can be exported using the SheetJS writeFile method⁵:

/* create a new workbook and add the worksheet */
const wb = XLSX.utils.book_new();
XLSX.utils.book_append_sheet(wb, worksheet, "Sheet1");

/* export workbook to XLSX */
XLSX.writeFile(wb, "SheetJSMariaDBExport.xlsx");

Importing Data

The SheetJS sheet_to_json function⁶ takes a worksheet object and generates an array of objects.

Queries must be manually generated from the objects. Assuming the field names in the object match the column headers, a loop can generate INSERT queries.

MariaDB does not allow parameterized queries with variable column names

INSERT INTO table_name (?) VALUES (?);
-- ---------------------^ variable column names are not valid

Queries are generated manually. To help prevent SQL injection vulnerabilities, the undocumented escapeId method ⁷ escapes identifiers and fields.

/* generate an array of arrays from the worksheet */
const aoo = XLSX.utils.sheet_to_json(ws);

const table_name = "Blatte1"; // name of table

/* loop through the data rows */
for(let row of aoo) {
  /* generate INSERT column names and values */
  const ent = Object.entries(row);
  const Istr = ent.map(e => I(e[0])).join(", ");
  const Vstr = ent.map(e => E(e[1])).join(", ");

  /* execute INSERT statement */
  await conn.execute(`INSERT INTO ${I(table_name)} (${Istr}) VALUES (${Vstr})`);
}

Creating a Table

The array of objects can be scanned to determine column names and types. With the names and types, a CREATE TABLE query can be written.

Implementation Details (click to show)

The aoo_to_mariadb_table function:

• scans each row object to determine column names and types
• drops and creates a new table with the determined column names and types
• loads the entire dataset into the new table

/* create table and load data given an array of objects and a mysql2 connection */
async function aoo_to_mariadb_table(conn, aoo, table_name) {
  /* define types that can be converted (e.g. boolean can be stored in float) */
  const T_FLOAT = ["DOUBLE", "BOOLEAN"];
  const T_BOOL =  ["BOOLEAN"];

  /* types is a map from column headers to Knex schema column type */
  const types = {};

  /* names is an ordered list of the column header names */
  const names = [];

  /* loop across each row object */
  aoo.forEach(row =>
    /* Object.entries returns a row of [key, value] pairs */
    Object.entries(row).forEach(([k,v]) => {

      /* If this is first occurrence, mark unknown and append header to names */
      if(!types[k]) { types[k] = ""; names.push(k); }

      /* skip null and undefined values */
      if(v == null) return;

      /* check and resolve type */
      switch(typeof v) {
        /* change type if it is empty or can be stored in a float */
        case "number": if(!types[k] || T_FLOAT.includes(types[k])) types[k] = "DOUBLE"; break;
        /* change type if it is empty or can be stored in a boolean */
        case "boolean": if(!types[k] || T_BOOL.includes(types[k])) types[k] = "BOOLEAN"; break;
        /* no other type can hold strings */
        case "string": types[k] = "TEXT"; break;
        default: types[k] = "TEXT"; break;
      }
    })
  );

  const I = (id) => mysql.escapeId(id), E = (d) => mysql.escape(d);

  /* Delete table if it exists in the DB */
  await conn.execute(`DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ${I(table_name)};`);

  /* Create table */
  {
    const Istr = Object.entries(types).map(e => `${I(e[0])} ${e[1]}`).join(", ");
    await conn.execute(`CREATE TABLE ${I(table_name)} (${Istr});`);
  }

  /* Insert each row */
  for(let row of aoo) {
    const ent = Object.entries(row);
    const Istr = ent.map(e => I(e[0])).join(", ");
    const Vstr = ent.map(e => E(e[1])).join(", ");
    await conn.execute(`INSERT INTO ${I(table_name)} (${Istr}) VALUES (${Vstr})`);
  }

  return conn;
}

Complete Example

0. Install and start the MariaDB server.

Installation Notes (click to show)

On macOS, install the mariadb formula with Homebrew:

brew install mariadb

The last few lines of the installer explain how to start the database:

Or, if you don't want/need a background service you can just run:
  /usr/local/opt/mariadb/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir\=/usr/local/var/mysql

Run the command to start a local database instance.

1. Drop any existing database with the name SheetJSMariaDB:

mysql -e 'drop database if exists SheetJSMariaDB;'

If the server is running elsewhere, or if the username is different from the current user, command-line flags can override the defaults.

Option	Explanation
-h HOSTNAME	Name of the server
-P PORT	specifies the port number
-U USERNAME	specifies the username
-p PASSWORD	specifies the password

2. Create an empty SheetJSMariaDB database:

mysql -e 'create database SheetJSMariaDB;'

Connector Test

3. Create a project folder:

mkdir sheetjs-mariadb
cd sheetjs-mariadb
npm init -y

4. Install the mysql2 connector module:

npm i --save mysql2@3.6.5

5. Save the following example codeblock to MariaDBTest.js:

MariaDBTest.js

const mysql = require("mysql2/promise");
(async() => {

const conn = await mysql.createConnection({
  database:"SheetJSMariaDB",
  host: "127.0.0.1", // localhost
  port: 3306,
  user: "sheetjs",
  //password: ""
});

const [rows, fields] = await conn.execute('SELECT ? as message', ['Hello world!']);
console.log(rows[0].message); // Hello world!
await conn.end();

})();

6. Edit the new MariaDBTest.js script and modify the highlighted lines from the codeblock to reflect the database deployment settings.

• Set user to the username (it is almost certainly not "sheetjs")

• If the server is not running on your computer, set host and port to the correct host name and port number.

• If the server expects a password, uncomment the password line and replace the value with the password.

7. Run the script:

node MariaDBTest.js

It should print Hello world!

If the output is not Hello world! or if there is an error, please report the issue to the mysql2 connector project for further diagnosis.

Add SheetJS

8. Install dependencies:

npm i --save https://cdn.sheetjs.com/xlsx-0.20.3/xlsx-0.20.3.tgz

9. Download SheetJSMariaDB.js:

curl -LO https://docs.sheetjs.com/mariadb/SheetJSMariaDB.js

This script will:

• read and parse the test file pres.numbers
• create a connection to the SheetJSMariaDB database on a local MariaDB server
• load data from the first worksheet into a table with name Presidents
• disconnect and reconnect to the database
• dump data from the table Presidents
• export the dataset to SheetJSMariaDB.xlsx

10. Edit the SheetJSMariaDB.js script.

The script defines an opts object:

SheetJSMariaDB.js (configuration lines)

const XLSX = require("xlsx");
const opts = {
  database:"SheetJSMariaDB",
  host: "127.0.0.1", // localhost
  port: 3306,
  user: "sheetjs",
  //password: ""
};

Modify the highlighted lines to reflect the database deployment settings.

• Set user to the username (it is almost certainly not "sheetjs")

• If the server is not running on your computer, set host and port to the correct host name and port number.

• If the server expects a password, uncomment the password line and replace the value with the password.

11. Fetch the example file pres.numbers:

curl -L -O https://docs.sheetjs.com/pres.numbers

12. Run the script:

node SheetJSMariaDB.js

13. Verify the result:

• SheetJSMariaDBExport.xlsx can be opened in a spreadsheet app or tested in the terminal

npx xlsx-cli SheetJSMariaDBExport.xlsx

• The database server can be queried using the mysql command line tool.

If the server is running locally, the command will be:

mysql -D SheetJSMariaDB -e 'SELECT * FROM `Presidents`;'

The output should be consistent with the following table:

+--------------+-------+
| Name         | Index |
+--------------+-------+
| Bill Clinton |    42 |
| GeorgeW Bush |    43 |
| Barack Obama |    44 |
| Donald Trump |    45 |
| Joseph Biden |    46 |
+--------------+-------+

Footnotes

1. See the official mysql2 website for more info. ↩

2. See json_to_sheet in "Utilities" ↩

3. See "Sheet Objects" in "SheetJS Data Model" for more details. ↩

4. See "Workbook Helpers" in "Utilities" for details on book_new and book_append_sheet. ↩

5. See writeFile in "Writing Files" ↩

6. See sheet_to_json in "Utilities" ↩

7. The mysql2 connector library escapeId method is not mentioned in the documentation but is present in the TypeScript definitions. ↩